Linpack evaluation on a supercomputer with heterogeneous accelerators

Abstract—We report Linpack benchmark results on the TSUBAME supercomputer, a large scale heterogeneous system equipped with NVIDIA Tesla GPUs and ClearSpeed SIMD accelerators. With all of 10,480 Opteron cores, 640 Xeon cores, 648 ClearSpeed accelerators and 624 NVIDIA Tesla GPUs, we have achieved 87.01TFlops, which is the third record as a heterogeneous system in the world. This paper describes careful tuning and load balancing method required to achieve this performance. On the other hand, since the peak speed is 163 TFlops, the efficiency is 53%, which is lower than other systems. This paper also analyses this gap from the aspect of system architecture. I

3D 6DOF Manipulation of Micro-object Using Laser Trapped Microtool

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Orlando, Florida, May 200

Continuous speech recognition with modified learning vector quantization algorithm and two-level DP-matching

PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSIN

Exploiting Scratchpad Memory for Deep Temporal Blocking: A case study for 2D Jacobian 5-point iterative stencil kernel (j2d5pt)

General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) are used in most of the top systems in HPC. The total capacity of scratchpad memory has increased by more than 40 times in the last decade. However, existing optimizations for stencil computations using temporal blocking have not aggressively exploited the large capacity of scratchpad memory. This work uses the 2D Jacobian 5-point iterative stencil as a case study to investigate the use of large scratchpad memory. Unlike existing research that tiles the domain in a thread block fashion, we tile the domain so that each tile is large enough to utilize all available scratchpad memory on the GPU. Consequently, we process several time steps inside a single tile before offloading the result back to global memory. Our evaluation shows that our performance is comparable to state-of-the-art implementations, yet our implementation is much simpler and does not require auto-generation of code.Comment: This is short paper is published in the 15th workshop on general purpose processing using GPU (GPGPU 2023

Effect of fish density on biological production in aquaponics combining lettuce hydroponics and loach aquaculture for controlled ecological life support systems in space

There is a need to develop production technology that effectively uses limited water and other resources to create a stable food supply in space. Aquaponics, which combine hydroponics and aquaculture, is expected to be an efficient system for producing crops and animal proteins. This system sustains the reuse of water and balances nutrient elements between both cultures using dissolved elements in fish excrement for plant growth. To evaluate the effect of fish density on biological production and nitrogen usage efficiency in aquaponics combining lettuce hydroponics and loach aquaculture, we investigated the growth performance of lettuce plants and loach fish. We focused on the balance of nutrient elements, especially nitrogen flow in the system. As a result, we found that lettuce grew in aquaponics with a half-strength standard solution with an optimal combination of the number of plants and fish as well as hydroponics with a standard solution. Increasing the density of loach fish and lettuce plants can increase the total biological production of fish and plants. However, it will be important to control both fish and plant densities to increase nitrogen recovery in aquaponics with a high fish density

Pore-size expansion of hexagonal-structured nanocrystalline titania/CTAB Nanoskeleton using cosolvent organic molecules

Pore-size expansion of hexagonal-structured assembly of nanocrystalline titania (anatase) combined with cetyltrimethyammonium bromide (CH(3)(CH(2))(15)N(+)(CH(3))(3)Br(-), CTAB) (named as Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton) was achieved with the aid of cosolvent organic molecules (COMs). The pore-size expanded Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton was prepared through the sot-gel reaction of titanium oxysulfate sulfuric acid hydrate (TiOSO(4)center dot xH(2)SO(4)center dot xH(2)O, TiOSAH) in an aqueous solution initiated by CAB swollen micelles pre-prepared with the addition of COMs into aqueous CTAB micellar solutions at 60 degrees C (the product was named as Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/COM Nanoskeleton). Long-chain alcohol (1-hexadecanol. C16OH), normal alkane (n-decane, C10) and benzene derivatives (benzene. Bz; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, TMB; 1,3,5-triethylbenzene, TEB; 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, TiPB) were used as COMs to evaluate the effects of COM solubilization site in CTAB micelles and COM molecular size on the pore-size expansion of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/COM Nanoskeleton. We found that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and 1,3,5-triethylbenzene (TEB) act as effective COMs for pore-size expansion of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/COM Nanoskeleton in aqueous media. Pore sizes (average diameters) of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/TMB Nanoskeleton and Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/TEB Nanoskeleton were enlarged up to 4.2 nm and 4.3 nm, respectively, while pore size (average diameter) of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton prepared in the absence of any COMs was 2.9 nm. We also revealed that thermal stability of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/TMB Nanoskeleton became higher than that of Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton. The hexagonally pore-structure of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB/TMB Nanoskeleton was retained up to 400 degrees C, while the hexagonally pore-structure of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton was kept up to 300 degrees C.ArticleCOLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS. 371(1-3):29-39 (2010)journal articl

Skeletal FGFR1 signaling is necessary for regulation of serum phosphate level by FGF23 and normal life span

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 produced by the bone is the principal hormone to regulate serum phosphate level. Serum FGF23 needs to be tightly regulated to maintain serum phosphate in a narrow range. Thus, we hypothesized that the bone has some phosphate-sensing mechanism to regulate the production of FGF23. Previously we showed that extracellular phosphate induces the phosphorylation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR1 signaling regulates the expression of Galnt3, whose product works to increase FGF23 production in vitro. In this study, we show the significance of FGFR1 in the regulated FGF23 production and serum phosphate level in vivo. We generated late-osteoblast/osteocyte-specific Fgfr1-knockout mice (Fgfr1fl/fl; OcnCre/+) by crossing the Ocn-Cre and the floxed Fgfr1 mouse lines. We evaluated serum phosphate and FGF23 levels, the expression of Galnt3 in the bone, the body weight and life span. A selective ablation of Fgfr1 aborted the increase of serum active full-length FGF23 and the enhanced expression of Galnt3 in the bone by a high phosphate diet. These mice showed more pronounced hyperphosphatemia compared with control mice. In addition, these mice fed with a control diet showed body weight loss after 23 weeks of age and shorter life span. These results reveal a novel significance of FGFR1 signaling in the phosphate metabolism and normal life span

Mechanical Stress Activates Smad Pathway through PKCδ to Enhance Interleukin-11 Gene Transcription in Osteoblasts

BACKGROUND: Mechanical stress rapidly induces ΔFosB expression in osteoblasts, which binds to interleukin (IL)-11 gene promoter to enhance IL-11 expression, and IL-11 enhances osteoblast differentiation. Because bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) also stimulate IL-11 expression in osteoblasts, there is a possibility that BMP-Smad signaling is involved in the enhancement of osteoblast differentiation by mechanical stress. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether mechanical stress affects BMP-Smad signaling, and if so, to elucidate the role of Smad signaling in mechanical stress-induced enhancement of IL-11 gene transcription. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mechanical loading by fluid shear stress (FSS) induced phosphorylation of BMP-specific receptor-regulated Smads (BR-Smads), Smad1/5, in murine primary osteoblasts (mPOBs). FSS rapidly phosphorylated Y311 of protein kinase C (PKC)δ, and phosphorylated PKCδ interacted with BR-Smads to phosphorylate BR-Smads. Transfection of PKCδ siRNA or Y311F mutant PKCδ abrogated BR-Smads phosphorylation and suppressed IL-11 gene transcription enhanced by FSS. Activated BR-Smads bound to the Smad-binding element (SBE) of IL-11 gene promoter and formed complex with ΔFosB/JunD heterodimer via binding to the C-terminal region of JunD. Site-directed mutagenesis in the SBE and the AP-1 site revealed that both SBE and AP-1 sites were required for full activation of IL-11 gene promoter by FSS. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate that PKCδ-BR-Smads pathway plays an important role in the intracellular signaling in response to mechanical stress, and that a cross-talk between PKCδ-BR-Smads and ΔFosB/JunD pathways synergistically stimulates IL-11 gene transcription in response to mechanical stress